Chloroplas:
Coloured plastids containing pigments other than chlorophyll. They give colour to flowers and fruits.
Chloresis:
Disorder which affects a plant’s ability to form chlorophyll.
Chromatin:
Hereditary substance of the nucleus. It is a network of threads in nucleus of a cell that shows up when the cell is stained with certain dyes.
Cladophyll:
Modified flattened stem which functions and resembles a leaf, Also called ‘Cladode’, ‘Phylloclade’.
Cilia:
Hair like cell prolongations meant for locomotion.
Citrus fruit:
Fruit of the citrus (orange) group.
Coennocoeti/Coenocyte:
The protoplast or cell containing many nuclei. It is found in many fungi and some green algae.
Corm:
A swell on underground stem having buds. It is responsible for vegetative growth.
Cotyledon:
An embryonic leaf in a seed which usually stores food matters.
Cryptogam:
Non-flowering seedless plant which produces spores, for example, algae, mosses, fungi and ferns.
Cuticle :
Non-cellular waxy layer found on the surface of stems and leaves to prevent water loss. Also strip of hardened skin at the base of a finger nail or toenail.
Deciduous:
Plants which shed leaves to eliminate water loss. In tropical regions it is in the hot summer and in temperate areas it is winter, when such plants shed leaves.
Decumbent stem:
A creeping stem in which tips turn upward at or near the apex.
Dicotyledons:
Plants whose seeds contain two cotyledons, for example, gram.
Dichotomous Branching:
A kind of branching in which the main branch or axis stops growing when lateral branches appear on it.
Dyctyosome:
Plant cell organelles which are formed of small bag-like folds of membrane and vesicles that contain metabolite cell.
Ectoderm:
Layer of tissue in an animal embryo which later develops into cellular material in the epidermis and nerve cell.
Endocarp:
Innermost often hard or leathery layer of the fruit wall.
Endodermis:
Innermost layer of cortex surrounding vascular bundles, found in all roots and stem of certain plants which controls passage of water.
Endosperms:
The nutritive tissue surrounding and absorbed by the embryo in flowering plants.
Epidermis:
The outermost cell layer of an organism.
Epiphyte:
Plants whose roots grow upon stems or branches of other plants.
Exocarp:
Outermost layer of the fruit wall which froms the skin in many fleshy fruits.
Ferns:
A large group of primitive plants of the plant kingdom which grow in moist shady floors in tropical and sub-tropical climates.
Fossils:
Remains of an organism preserved I rocks.
Fungus:
A non-flowering plant which lacks chlorophyll and cannot manufacture its own food and therefore depends entirely on either living or dead organic substances.
